Calcium
(information)
Here’s a structured breakdown of the **20 most common uses for Calcium**, written in the same style as Aluminum, Silicon, Potassium, etc.: --- ### 📊 Global Calcium Uses by Sector #### **1–5: Construction & Building Materials (~40–45%)** 1. **Cement & Concrete** – Calcium oxide (lime) and calcium silicate in cement. 2. **Lime for Mortar & Plaster** – Used in masonry and finishing. 3. **Road Construction (Aggregate & Stabilizer)** – Crushed limestone and lime. 4. **Gypsum (Calcium Sulfate)** – Plaster, drywall, and building panels. 5. **Glass Manufacturing** – Calcium carbonate as stabilizer and flux. --- #### **6–10: Agriculture & Soil Management (~25–30%)** 6. **Agricultural Lime (CaCO₃)** – Neutralizes acidic soils. 7. **Fertilizer Additives** – Calcium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate. 8. **Animal Feed Supplements** – Calcium carbonate and phosphates for livestock. 9. **Pesticides & Crop Protection** – Calcium arsenate (historical) and calcium polysulfide. 10. **Soil Stabilization for Land Reclamation** – Lime used in soil conditioning. --- #### **11–15: Industrial & Chemical Applications (~15–20%)** 11. **Steelmaking Flux** – Lime removes impurities from molten steel. 12. **Nonferrous Metallurgy** – Reducing agent in aluminum, lead, and magnesium refining. 13. **Paper & Pulp Industry** – Calcium carbonate as filler and brightener. 14. **Plastics & Rubber** – CaCO₃ as a reinforcing filler. 15. **Water Treatment** – Calcium hydroxide for softening and pH adjustment. --- #### **16–20: Food, Medicine & Specialty Uses (~5–7%)** 16. **Dietary Supplements** – Calcium carbonate, calcium citrate for bone health. 17. **Fortified Foods & Beverages** – Calcium-enriched juices, cereals, dairy alternatives. 18. **Pharmaceuticals** – Calcium compounds as antacids and stabilizers. 19. **Baking Industry** – Calcium propionate (preservative), calcium phosphate (leavening). 20. **Fireworks & Pyrotechnics** – Calcium salts (chloride, sulfate) for orange-red colors. --- 💡 **Summary of Approximate Shares by Sector** | Sector | % of Global Calcium Use | | ----------------------------- | ----------------------- | | Construction & Building | 40–45% | | Agriculture & Soil Management | 25–30% | | Industrial & Chemical | 15–20% | | Food, Medicine & Specialty | 5–7% | --- Do you want me to make the **Calcium sector pie chart + top-20 bar chart** so it visually matches the Aluminum, Silicon, and Potassium breakdowns?Known Methods of Extraction
Perfect 👍 — next in **periodic table order** is **Calcium (Ca, atomic number 20).** Calcium is highly reactive and **never occurs free in nature**. It is abundant in **limestone (CaCO₃), gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O), fluorite (CaF₂), and dolomite (CaMg(CO₃)₂)**. Extraction methods produce **metallic calcium** or calcium compounds. Here are the **20 most common methods of extracting Calcium**: --- # **20 Most Common Methods of Extracting Calcium** ### **A. Industrial / Large-Scale Thermal Methods** 1. **Electrolysis of Molten Calcium Chloride (CaCl₂)** – Main modern method for metallic calcium. 2. **Downs Cell Electrolysis of CaCl₂** – Variant similar to the sodium Downs cell. 3. **Thermal Reduction of CaO with Aluminum (Aluminothermic)** – Produces calcium metal. 4. **Reduction of CaO with Magnesium (Magnesiothermic)** – Laboratory/industrial method. 5. **Reduction of CaCO₃ with Aluminum at High Temperatures** – Produces Ca metal + CO gas. 6. **Reduction of CaO with Silicon** – Research/experimental method. --- ### **B. Chemical / Laboratory Methods** 7. **Reduction of CaCl₂ with Sodium** – Laboratory method, displacement reaction. 8. **Reduction of Calcium Salts (CaF₂, CaCO₃) with Magnesium** – Lab-scale. 9. **Reduction of CaO with Calcium Hydride** – Experimental displacement method. 10. **Calciothermic Reduction of Calcium Oxide with Aluminum Alloys** – Research method. 11. **Electrolysis of Aqueous CaCl₂ (with Inert Electrodes, Lab Only)** – Produces small amounts of Ca. 12. **Vacuum Thermal Reduction of CaO** – Produces calcium vapor, condensed to metal. --- ### **C. Extraction of Calcium Compounds** 13. **Calcination of Limestone (CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂)** – Produces quicklime, precursor for metallic calcium or Ca-based chemicals. 14. **Production of Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) from CaO + Water** – Common chemical form. 15. **Extraction of Calcium Sulfate (CaSO₄) from Gypsum** – Thermal dehydration yields CaO. 16. **Extraction of Calcium Fluoride (CaF₂) from Fluorite** – Thermal treatment yields CaO or Ca metal in lab. --- ### **D. Specialized / Experimental Methods** 17. **Electrochemical Reduction of Ca²⁺ in Molten Salts** – Lab-scale method. 18. **Plasma-Assisted Calcium Production from CaO** – Research method. 19. **Solar Thermal Reduction of CaCO₃** – Concentrated sunlight drives reduction to CaO, CO₂, and potentially Ca metal. 20. **High-Temperature Carbothermic Reduction of Ca Compounds** – Experimental lab method. --- ✅ **Summary:** * **Main industrial method:** Electrolysis of molten CaCl₂ to produce metallic calcium. * **Historic / lab methods:** Reduction of CaO or CaCl₂ with aluminum, magnesium, or sodium. * **Calcium compounds:** CaO, Ca(OH)₂, CaF₂, and CaSO₄ are extracted via calcination or chemical conversion. * **Natural occurrence:** Always in compounds; never free due to high reactivity. --- Next in periodic order is **Scandium (Sc, atomic number 21).** Do you want me to continue with **20 extraction methods for Scandium**?
