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Canada
(information)
Population as of 2020: 37.8 million 39 of 193
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Region: North America
Nominal G.D.P. in 2024: $2.241 trillion 9 of 193
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Top Exports
Canada exported roughly **$600–650 billion in goods in 2024**, with a structure heavily dominated by **energy, natural resources, and vehicles**, along with machinery and agriculture. | Rank | Export Category | Notes | | ---- | ------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------- | | 1 | **Mineral fuels (crude oil, refined petroleum)** | Largest export category (~25–30%). | | 2 | **Vehicles (cars & parts)** | Strong integration with U.S. auto industry. | | 3 | **Machinery (industrial equipment)** | Includes engines and manufacturing equipment. | | 4 | **Wood & wood products** | Lumber and forestry products. | | 5 | **Minerals & metals** | Gold, iron ore, aluminum, nickel. | | 6 | **Electrical machinery & electronics** | Smaller but significant. | | 7 | **Agricultural products** | Wheat, canola, meat. | | 8 | **Plastics & plastic articles** | Petrochemical-based exports. | | 9 | **Chemicals & fertilizers** | Includes potash and nitrogen fertilizers. | | 10 | **Aircraft & aerospace parts** | Bombardier and supply chain exports. | Key individual export products (by value) | Rank | Product | Estimated Value (USD) | | ---- | ------------------------------------- | --------------------- | | 11 | **Crude petroleum** | ~$130–160 billion | | 12 | **Refined petroleum products** | ~$20–40 billion | | 13 | **Petroleum gas (natural gas)** | ~$20–40 billion | | 14 | **Passenger vehicles** | ~$40–60 billion | | 15 | **Motor vehicle parts & accessories** | ~$30–50 billion | | 16 | **Gold** | ~$20–30 billion | | 17 | **Wood (lumber, timber)** | ~$20–30 billion | | 18 | **Wheat** | ~$10–15 billion | | 19 | **Potash (fertilizer)** | ~$10–15 billion | | 20 | **Aluminum (unwrought)** | ~$10–15 billion | Key Takeaways * **Energy powerhouse:** Crude oil is by far Canada’s **#1 export**, mostly to the United States. * **Deep U.S. integration:** Vehicles and parts reflect tightly integrated **North American supply chains (USMCA)**. * **Resource-rich economy:** Major exports include **wood, metals, and agricultural commodities**. * **Balanced mix:** Combines **natural resources + manufacturing + agriculture**. Top Importers of Canada’s Exports | Rank | Country | Notes | | ---- | ------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | 1 | **United States** | By far the largest market (~70–75% of exports); oil, vehicles, machinery, wood. | | 2 | **China** | Natural resources, agricultural goods, and minerals. | | 3 | **United Kingdom** | Gold, energy products, and manufactured goods. | | 4 | **Japan** | Energy (LNG), agricultural products, and minerals. | | 5 | **Mexico** | Vehicles, machinery, and industrial goods. | | 6 | **South Korea** | Energy, metals, and agricultural exports. | | 7 | **Germany** | Machinery, vehicles, and industrial materials. | | 8 | **Netherlands** | Logistics hub; re-exports across Europe. | | 9 | **India** | Agricultural goods (lentils, potash) and resources. | | 10 | **Belgium** | Chemicals, metals, and re-export hub. | Key Patterns * **Extreme concentration with the U.S.**: * Around **three-quarters of Canadian exports go to the United States**, one of the highest bilateral trade dependencies in the world. * **Resource exports drive trade**: * Many partners (China, Japan, India) import **energy, minerals, and agricultural products**. * **Trade hubs matter**: * Countries like **Netherlands and Belgium** serve as **entry points into Europe**.
