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Indonesia
(information)
Population as of 2020: 273 million 4 of 193
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Region: Southeast Asia
Nominal G.D.P. in 2024: $1.396 trillion 16 of 193
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Top Exports
Indonesia exported roughly **$255–265 billion in goods in 2024**, with a structure dominated by **commodities (coal, palm oil, metals)** along with a growing share of **industrial products like stainless steel and electronics**. | Rank | Export Category | Notes | | ---- | -------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | | 1 | **Mineral fuels (coal, petroleum)** | Largest category; Indonesia is a top coal exporter. | | 2 | **Animal/vegetable fats & oils (palm oil)** | Indonesia is the world’s largest palm oil exporter. | | 3 | **Iron & steel (including stainless steel)** | Rapidly growing due to nickel processing. | | 4 | **Electrical machinery & electronics** | Expanding manufacturing sector. | | 5 | **Machinery (industrial equipment)** | Growing but smaller share. | | 6 | **Rubber & rubber products** | Natural rubber exports. | | 7 | **Chemicals** | Fertilizers and industrial chemicals. | | 8 | **Paper & pulp** | Large forestry-based industry. | | 9 | **Textiles & apparel** | Traditional manufacturing exports. | | 10 | **Fish & seafood** | Important regional export. | Key individual export products (by value) | Rank | Product | Estimated Value (USD) | | ---- | ------------------------------------- | --------------------- | | 11 | **Coal** | ~$60–80 billion | | 12 | **Palm oil** | ~$25–35 billion | | 13 | **Stainless steel products** | ~$20–30 billion | | 14 | **Nickel and nickel products** | ~$15–25 billion | | 15 | **Crude petroleum & refined fuels** | ~$10–20 billion | | 16 | **Natural gas (LNG)** | ~$10–20 billion | | 17 | **Rubber** | ~$5–10 billion | | 18 | **Pulp & paper products** | ~$5–10 billion | | 19 | **Textiles & garments** | ~$5–10 billion | | 20 | **Electronics (components, devices)** | ~$5–10 billion | Key Takeaways * **Commodity-driven economy:** Coal and palm oil are the **top exports by far**. * **Nickel boom:** Indonesia has become a global leader in **nickel and stainless steel**, tied to EV battery supply chains. * **Industrial upgrading:** Growth in **metals processing and electronics** is increasing value-added exports. * **China-driven demand:** Many exports (coal, nickel, palm oil) are heavily linked to Chinese demand. Top Importers of Indonesia’s Exports | Rank | Country | Notes | | ---- | ----------------- | -------------------------------------------------- | | 1 | **China** | By far the largest market; coal, nickel, palm oil. | | 2 | **United States** | Electronics, textiles, and some commodities. | | 3 | **Japan** | LNG, coal, and industrial raw materials. | | 4 | **India** | Coal and palm oil. | | 5 | **Singapore** | Trade hub; fuels and re-exports. | | 6 | **South Korea** | Energy and industrial materials. | | 7 | **Malaysia** | Regional trade; palm oil and fuels. | | 8 | **Thailand** | Industrial goods and energy. | | 9 | **Philippines** | Coal and agricultural products. | | 10 | **Vietnam** | Growing market; coal and intermediate goods. | Key Patterns * **China dominates**: * Often accounts for **20–25%+ of exports**, driven by demand for **coal and nickel**. * **Asia-centered trade**: * Most top partners are **Asian economies** dependent on imported resources. * **Commodity-driven exports**: * Many partners import **raw materials and energy** rather than finished goods. * **Trade hubs matter**: * **Singapore** plays a key role in **refining and redistribution**.
