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Bosnia and Herzegovina
(information)
Population as of 2020: 3.4 million 131 of 193
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Region: Eastern Europe
Nominal G.D.P. in 2024: $28.34 billion 110 of 193
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Top Exports
Total exports: **~$9.5–10.5 billion (2024)**
Economy type: **manufacturing-heavy**, with strong roles for **machinery, metals, and furniture**
| Rank | Export Category | Notes |
| ---- | -------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
| 1 | **Electrical machinery & equipment** ⭐ | Largest category (~9%+) |
| 2 | **Machinery (industrial equipment)** | ~8% |
| 3 | **Furniture & prefab buildings** | ~7% |
| 4 | **Articles of iron & steel** | ~7% |
| 5 | **Mineral fuels (electricity, refined oil)** | ~6–7% |
| 6 | **Wood & wood products** | ~5–6% |
| 7 | **Aluminum & aluminum products** | ~5% |
| 8 | **Inorganic chemicals** | ~5% |
| 9 | **Plastics & plastic articles** | ~5% |
| 10 | **Footwear** | ~4% |
Key individual export products (by value)
| Rank | Product | Notes |
| ---- | -------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |
| 11 | **Insulated electrical wire & cables** | #1 product (~5%) |
| 12 | **Electricity (power exports)** | Major regional export |
| 13 | **Iron/steel structures** | Construction materials |
| 14 | **Car seats (automotive parts)** | Important manufacturing export |
| 15 | **Furniture (chairs, seating)** | Signature export |
| 16 | **Automobile parts & accessories** | Linked to EU supply chains |
| 17 | **Sawn wood & timber** | Forestry export |
| 18 | **Aluminum oxides & raw aluminum** | Industrial metals |
| 19 | **Ammunition & military goods** | Notable niche export |
| 20 | **Footwear (leather shoes)** | Labor-intensive manufacturing |
Key Takeaways
* 🏭 **Manufacturing dominates exports:**
* About **90% of exports are manufactured goods**
* ⚙️ **Strong integration with Europe:**
* Most exports go to **EU countries (~75%+)**
* 🪑 **Furniture and automotive parts are key niches:**
* Bosnia is competitive in **furniture and car components**
* ⚡ **Electricity exports are significant:**
* One of the region’s important **power exporters**
* ⚠️ **Moderate diversification:**
* No single export dominates; instead a **balanced industrial mix**
Top Importers of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Exports (2024)
| Rank | Country | Notes |
| ---- | ------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------- |
| 1 | **Germany** | Largest buyer; machinery, auto parts, furniture. |
| 2 | **Croatia** | Neighboring trade partner; electricity, fuels, goods. |
| 3 | **Italy** | Manufacturing supply chains; metals, textiles. |
| 4 | **Serbia** | Regional trade; food, electricity, industrial goods. |
| 5 | **Austria** | Strong industrial ties; machinery and components. |
| 6 | **Slovenia** | Regional manufacturing integration. |
| 7 | **Hungary** | Industrial and energy trade. |
| 8 | **Turkey** | Metals, textiles, and industrial goods. |
| 9 | **Czech Republic** | Automotive supply chain links. |
| 10 | **Poland** | Machinery and intermediate goods. |
Key Patterns
* 🇪🇺 **EU dominates overwhelmingly**:
* Most exports go to **European Union countries (~70–75%+)**
* 🚗 **Integrated into EU supply chains**:
* Strong links to **Germany, Italy, and Central Europe** for:
* automotive parts
* machinery
* industrial goods
* 🌍 **Regional trade is very strong**:
* **Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia** are key nearby partners
* ⚡ **Energy trade within the Balkans**:
* Electricity exports to neighboring countries
